Report reveals North Korea possesses secret ICBM base close to China

August 21, 2025

North Korea has 'undeclared' ICBM base near China: report — People watch a news broadcast at Seoul Railway Station, showing footage a missile launch in North Korea in April

Inside North Korea’s Shadow Arsenal: The Secret Missile Base Near China

In the remote stretches of North Pyongan Province, just shy of 30 kilometers from the Chinese border, a secret military compound quietly hums with activity few outside the highest echelons of global intelligence have known about—until now.

Welcome to Sinpung-dong, a clandestine missile operating base unveiled in startling detail by the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). The facility is believed to conceal some of Pyongyang’s deadliest weapons: six to nine nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). These missiles aren’t just toys of intimidation; they symbolize a highly sophisticated, expanding nuclear program that poses a looming threat from Seoul to Washington and beyond.

A Shadow on the Borderland

Imagine a landscape dotted with hidden missile silos, sprawling underground bunkers built with cold precision, and launchers poised for deployment—all tucked in a remote corner where rugged hills meet the uncertain boundary with China. From the air, Sinpung-dong appears as a labyrinth of roads and camouflaged facilities, masterfully concealed from satellite reconnaissance for years.

“What makes this base particularly alarming is its proximity to China,” says Dr. Mei Lin, a regional security expert based in Beijing. “It complicates the geopolitical tension, as the cross-border presence forces Beijing to rethink its own security calculus.”

The existence of Sinpung-dong breaks the long-standing facade that North Korea’s missile infrastructure is largely static and well-mapped. Instead, it confirms North Korea’s relentless march toward augmenting its nuclear strike capabilities in ways few outside observers fully grasp.

The Heart of Pyongyang’s Nuclear Resolve

Since the ill-fated 2019 Hanoi summit between Kim Jong-un and Donald Trump dissolved in a stalemate, North Korea has accelerated its weapons program with renewed fervor. The Sinpung-dong base is a testament to that determination, spotlighting a network of at least 15 to 20 missile sites that have remained off the official radar.

“This is a pivotal element in what North Korea calls its strategic deterrence,” says Col. Andrew Mitchell (ret.), a former Pentagon analyst who has tracked Pyongyang’s missile development for over a decade. “They’re not just stockpiling missiles—they’re strategizing how to deploy them flexibly and survivably.”

Such mobility and secrecy increase the challenge for intelligence agencies. The CSIS report notes the likelihood that launchers could “leave the base in times of crisis,” linking with special units that enable launches from unpredictable locations—making them harder to detect and preempt.

It’s a chilling reminder that Pyongyang’s military architects are shaping a ballistic missile strategy that draws on innovation and stealth, turning the Korean Peninsula into a precarious chessboard with global stakes.

When Diplomacy Fails: The Nuclear Program’s Unyielding March

For years, the world has watched tense negotiations dance around denuclearization. Yet Sinpung-dong’s emergence exposes a blunt truth: some sites and capabilities remain untouched by diplomatic accords. This base has never been part of any denuclearization talks spun between the U.S. and North Korea, deepening the challenge for bridge-building.

“It’s a stark example of why diplomatic talks falter,” reflects Professor Hana Kim, an international relations scholar who has studied North Korea’s strategic culture. “From Pyongyang’s point of view, these nuclear arms aren’t bargaining chips but the bedrock of regime survival.”

Since that 2019 summit’s collapse, Kim Jong-un has unequivocally doubled down on his nuclear ambitions. His recent call for “rapid expansion” of the program is both a signal to the international community and an internal rallying cry—cementing the country’s identity as an “irreversible” nuclear power.

A New Axis: North Korea, Russia, and the Echoes of Conflict

Sinpung-dong’s unveiling comes as the geopolitical environment around North Korea shifts dramatically, shaped by Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine. In a surprising and worrying development, intelligence reveals North Korea has dispatched over 10,000 troops to support Russia’s military efforts, particularly near the Kursk region.

Alongside soldiers, Pyongyang has sent artillery shells, missiles, and long-range rocket systems—a chilling cargo that underscores the regime’s rising role in international military tinderboxes.

“This partnership is a dark dance between isolated and sanctioned states,” explains Dr. Liam O’Connor, a defense analyst in London. “Russia gains manpower and military support; North Korea receives technology and political cover. It’s a transactional relationship that destabilizes security far beyond their borders.”

Adding fuel to the fire, the U.S. reports indicate Russian aid to North Korea may include sophisticated assistance in space and satellite technologies—fields closely tied to missile delivery systems. This exchange hints at an eerie convergence of space exploration and nuclear strike capabilities, a dual-use technology that blurs the lines of international treaties and escalates the arms race.

The Human Dimension: Living in the Shadow of Missiles

Closer to the border, villages in North Pyongan live quietly under the veil of secrecy. Residents are aware, in hushed tones, of the weapons nearby but speak cautiously. Ji-Hoon, a local shop owner, shares, “We don’t speak openly about what goes on beyond the hills. There is fear, but also a strange acceptance. This land is both protector and prison.”

Meanwhile, across the border in China’s Hunchun city, traders watch the border anxiously. “We see military vehicles move, but details are scarce,” notes Chen Wei, a market vendor. “Tensions here affect us deeply. It’s like living with a ticking clock we can’t hear.”

Reflections on a Precarious Future

Sinpung-dong is more than a military installation; it is a symbol of an unstable region where old hostilities, global power plays, and technological evolution converge dangerously.

As you read this, consider: How do nations balance deterrence and diplomacy in a world where secret bases like Sinpung-dong exist? What responsibilities do global powers have to address security risks beyond mere sanctions and speeches? And how do the quiet lives of those living near these sites find space for hope amid the looming threat of war?

In the face of such opacity, the call for more transparency, dialogue, and creative conflict resolution resounds louder than ever. For now, Sinpung-dong remains cloaked, a silent sentinel on a volatile border—an embodiment of fears that nuclear weapons may yet redraw the map of peace and war in the 21st century.

Key Takeaways

Sinpung-dong is a newly confirmed, secret North Korean missile base near the Chinese border, housing up to nine ICBMs.
The base is part of a broader network of undeclared missile facilities, revealing sophisticated, mobile nuclear capabilities.
North Korea’s nuclear ambitions have intensified since the breakdown of U.S.-DPRK talks in 2019, with Kim Jong-un vowing expansion.
Growing ties with Russia, including military support and technology exchanges, increase regional and global security concerns.
The base heightens the complexity of denuclearization negotiations and underscores the precarious balance on the Korean Peninsula.

US health authorities call on Kennedy to halt spreading false information

hanad

August 21, 2025

US health officials urge Kennedy to stop misinformation — Robert F Kennedy Jr has repeatedly aired false information about vaccines

A Crisis of Trust: Inside the Growing Rift Between US Health Officials and Their Controversial Leader

In the corridors of America’s top health agencies, a quiet storm is brewing—one laced with deep frustration, fear, and a desperate plea for truth. Over the past weeks, hundreds of current and former employees working within the US public health system have banded together, their voices rising in an unprecedented chorus of concern and alarm. At the heart of their outcry is none other than Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the nation’s Health Secretary and fiery vaccine skeptic, whose rhetoric they say has endangered both their safety and the very integrity of the public health infrastructure.

Imagine dedicating your life to fighting disease, nurturing public wellness, and facing down invisible enemies like viruses—only to find yourself vilified, your expertise questioned, and your workplace transformed into a ground zero for potential violence. This is the reality many federal health officials now grapple with, as the ripple effects of mistrust metastasize into dangerous territory.

The Shadow of Tragedy: A Deadly Attack at the CDC

Just two weeks ago, the nation’s anxieties were starkly illuminated in a chilling event at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention headquarters in Atlanta. On August 8th, a gunman stormed the building, fueled by grievances against the Covid-19 vaccine—an anger stoked by persistent misinformation. The attack resulted in the tragic death of a brave police officer, a devastating reminder that the stakes are now life and death.

“This wasn’t some isolated, random act,” said Dr. Carla James, a former epidemiologist at the CDC who requested anonymity. “It was a manifestation of a growing, toxic environment where public health workers are increasingly scapegoated, not supported.”

In the wake of this tragedy, an open letter circulated among federal health officials has painted a sharp critique of Secretary Kennedy’s role in cultivating a dangerously polarized landscape. The letter charges him with spreading falsehoods about vaccines and sowing distrust that directly endangers the agencies charged with protecting the nation’s health.

A Leader Under Scrutiny: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s Controversial Path

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is something of an enigma—talking passion and conviction, with a family legacy steeped in American history, yet promoting views that starkly conflict with global scientific consensus. Since assuming office, Kennedy has become a persistent critic of vaccines, questioning their safety and effectiveness. Experts worldwide have denounced these claims as unfounded and dangerous.

“Vaccines save lives. That’s not a political issue; that’s medical fact,” stated Dr. Sunil Patel, an infectious disease specialist based in New York. “To see a public health official spread misinformation to millions is not just reckless—it’s a public health emergency in itself.”

Such views haven’t gone unchallenged. A petition demanding Kennedy’s impeachment has already collected over 12,600 signatures, illustrating the widespread unease about his leadership.

Fear, Silence, and Resistance: The Cost of Speaking Out

The open letter is more than a rebuke; it’s an act of courage from civil servants often caught between duty and risk. “Many who signed requested anonymity because they fear retaliation,” explained Jennifer Liu, a health policy analyst familiar with the situation. “After all, just last month, 140 staffers at the Environmental Protection Agency were suspended after publicly criticizing administration policies. The message is clear: dissent comes with consequences.”

This climate has bred a dangerous mistrust, feeding into a deadly cycle where misinformation fans the flames of skepticism, skepticism fuels hostility, and hostility threatens the very individuals who hold the nation’s health in their hands.

What’s at Stake: More Than Just Public Health

To understand the gravity here, we must consider what’s at stake. The United States has faced formidable challenges in recent years—from the Covid-19 pandemic to an opioid crisis, rising chronic diseases, and the ongoing watch against emerging infectious threats. The CDC and allied health agencies serve as the nation’s first line of defense, relying not only on science but public trust to function effectively.

When public health officials become targets of vilification, the entire system cracks. People hesitate to get vaccinated; misinformation proliferates on social media; communities become divided over measures meant to protect them. The ramifications spill beyond borders, as America’s health practices and policies ripple through global health frameworks.

Local Voices, Global Anxiety

In Atlanta, the city where the CDC is headquartered, the atmosphere is tense. Residents, healthcare workers, and lawmakers alike worry about the implications. “I’ve worked here for over ten years, helping to coordinate disease response during the pandemic,” shared Marcus Bennett, a local nurse. “Never did I imagine coming to work could feel unsafe because of politics.”

Meanwhile, global observers watch closely. The United States has historically been a beacon of scientific rigor and public health leadership. The turmoil unfolding now sends troubling signals about the fragility of these institutions under political strain.

Reflecting on the Bigger Picture

So, what does this mean for us—the global audience, the citizens, the consumers of news and health guidance? It’s a wake-up call about the power of leadership, the vulnerability of truth in the age of misinformation, and the high price paid when public trust erodes.

How do societies maintain faith in facts amid the cacophony of competing narratives? What responsibilities do leaders hold when their words carry the power to heal or harm millions? And where do we, as individuals, place our confidence when institutions designed to protect seem besieged from within?

These questions cannot be answered lightly. But the experience of US health officials amidst this crisis invites us all to consider the delicate interplay between science, politics, and community—and reminds us that safeguarding public health is as much about building trust as it is about breakthroughs and bullet points.

Looking Forward: Hope Amidst Uncertainty

The heated debate and shaken institutions do not spell an inevitable collapse. Across the country, countless healthcare workers continue their tireless work, often in the shadows, driven by a commitment that transcends politics. There is still room for dialogue, for healing divisions, and for reaffirming the foundational principle that science and facts are allies in the collective fight against disease.

In the words of one anonymous CDC employee who signed the letter: “We believe in the power of truth and compassion. Our hope is that those guiding us will listen and lead us back to that place.”

As the world watches this unfolding saga, one thing is clear: the battle for public health is no longer confined to labs and clinics, but also waged in the realms of trust, truth, and leadership.

What do you think? How do you place trust in health information in today’s complex world? Share your thoughts—because in moments like this, conversation itself becomes a vital lifeline.

Swedish church reaches new location following two-day trip

hanad

August 21, 2025

Swedish church arrives at new home after two-day journey — The Kiruna Church is transferred to its new location in Kiruna, Sweden

The Great Migration of Kiruna’s Beloved Church: A Tale of Iron, Ice, and Unyielding Spirit

On a crisp afternoon under the endless Arctic sky, a small Swedish town witnessed a remarkable feat: its cherished 672-tonne wooden church, Kiruna Kyrka, embarked on a slow, deliberate journey—a five-kilometre odyssey across the very streets it once stood alongside. This wasn’t a scene from a dream or a surreal Arctic tale; it was reality, a profound chapter in Kiruna’s story as it grapples with the paradox of progress and preservation.

Built in 1912, the bright red Kiruna Kyrka is more than just a building; it’s a living testament to the town’s soul. For over a century, its wooden walls have borne witness to weddings, funerals, and countless moments shared by the tight-knit community. Yet now, this beacon of tradition was being uprooted to make space for something titanic beneath the earth: Europe’s largest underground iron ore mine, LKAB.

A Journey Measured in Inches and Heartbeats

From the moment the church was dislodged from its original foundation, the drama unfolded with the intensity of a carefully choreographed ballet. Two giant, remote-controlled flatbed trailers, maneuvered at a painstaking half kilometre per hour, carried this sacred structure through winding streets and narrow corners. Every centimeter of progress was met with hushed gasps and bursts of applause from townsfolk lining the sidewalks.

“Our beloved church began its journey yesterday from its unbelievably beloved location. Now it is on its way home,” Lutheran vicar Lena Tjarnberg said softly during a service held in a traditional Sami laavu-inspired tent near the church’s new resting place. Her words registered the bittersweet pride of a community caught between reverence for their past and the unstoppable march of change.

The project’s smooth progress was nothing short of a triumph against odds. “Everything has gone so incredibly well,” Roy Griph, the project manager, told Swedish TV’s SVT. Navigating complex 90-degree turns, tight passages, and the intricacies of urban life in Kiruna, this monumental task captivated a crowd of 18,000—including Sweden’s own King Carl XVI Gustaf.

The King, 79 years young, took a moment to exchange words with Sebastian Druker, an Argentine technician helming the delicate movement from afar, joystick in hand. As the church shuffled forward, anticipation mounted for a world-record attempt in hosting the largest “kyrkkaffe”—a traditional church coffee gathering—a moment that symbolizes community and warmth, even amid upheaval.

Kiruna: A Town in Transition

Kiruna’s relocation story began nearly two decades ago, propelled by the relentless digging of LKAB’s sprawling iron ore operations. The mine’s tunnels have burrowed deep—1,365 meters beneath the surface—earth movements rendering the original town center unsafe. Thus, the entire heart of Kiruna is being rebuilt a few kilometers away, a painstaking, slow-motion exodus that charts the precarious balance between industry and heritage.

The new town center was unveiled in September 2022 amid equal parts celebration and reflection. But not everyone greets the transformation with open arms.

Voices of Doubt and Discontent

While LKAB offered compensation and reconstruction support to those displaced—23 historic structures, including Kiruna Kyrka, were saved by moving them intact—many locals harbor deep unease.

Alex Johansson and Magnus Fredriksson, hosts of a Kiruna-centric podcast, convey the ambivalence of many residents. “LKAB maybe didn’t read the room so well when they destroyed the whole town and then staged this huge street party for the people,” Fredriksson remarked bitterly as the slow pilgrimage of the church unfolded.

Johansson cut to the heart of the matter: “It’s like they said, ‘Here’s some storage space for you, Kiruna. Now we’re going to continue raking in billions from here.’ It’s hard to reconcile the jubilant spectacle with the underlying reality.”

Yet, even in criticism, gratitude shines through. “It’s good that the church didn’t end up as woodchips like the rest of Kiruna,” Fredriksson added—a stark reminder of what’s been lost and what remains precious.

The Delicate Dance of Industry and Environment

Kiruna’s iron is not just any iron; it’s a cornerstone of modern industry. In 2023, LKAB announced the discovery of Europe’s largest rare earth elements deposit adjacent to the mine—minerals vital for electric vehicles, wind turbines, and the green energy revolution. This positions Kiruna as a linchpin in Europe’s quest for clean energy independence, breaking reliance on Asian supply chains.

Jan Mostrom, LKAB’s CEO, underscored the strategic importance: “This deposit is very important for Europe. We’re focused on expanding our operations here, with sustainability as a core priority.”

But despite this promising narrative, the environmental cost cannot be overlooked. The mining activity disrupts not only the forested wilderness and pristine lakes but also the traditional way of life for the Indigenous Sami reindeer herders who have stewarded this land for millennia.

Kiruna Kyrka: Architecture, History, and Cultural Crossroads

The church itself is a masterpiece of Swedish design, imagined by architect Gustaf Wickman. At 40 meters tall, the neo-Gothic Kiruna Kyrka reflects an enchanting blend of influences. Its slanting roofs and stately windows seem to echo the surrounding mountain peaks, while inside, national romanticism whispers through hand-carved pews inspired by Sami motifs. The Art Nouveau altar and organ pipes—more than 2,000 in number—are silent witnesses to generations of worshippers.

Before the move, the church’s delicate handblown glass windows were carefully removed and temporarily replaced with painted plywood, a gesture toward preserving its fragile beauty amid upheaval.

The bell tower, a solitary sentinel standing apart, is slated for relocation next week, completing this extraordinary architectural migration.

What Does This Journey Tell Us About Ourselves?

So, dear reader, what do we make of Kiruna’s unfolding story? Here is a place where ancient earth gets carved open for the minerals we prize, where a wooden church is lifted and carried as tenderly as a child, and where a community wrestles with identity amid reinvention.

Is progress worth the price of lost heritage? Can technology and tradition truly coexist without one devouring the other? Kiruna challenges us to reflect on what we value, what we’re willing to save, and how the pulse of modern life can beat in harmony with the echoes of history.

As the church settles into its new foundation—just a stone’s throw from the town cemetery—the story is not just about a building on the move. It’s a meditation on resilience, geography, and the stories that churches, mines, and towns silently share across the arctic tundra’s vast stage.

In Closing

In Kiruna’s story, we find a microcosm of larger global tensions: the insatiable hunger for resources that powers our modern lives, the weight of cultural heritage, and the ecological footprints we leave behind. The church’s journey is slow, painstaking, and fraught with complexity, but it shines as a beacon for thoughtful discourse about how communities confront change.

If you ever find yourself wandering Kiruna, look to the red wooden church—standing proudly in its new place. Listen closely, and you might just hear the whispered prayers of a town’s past and the hopeful murmurs of its future mingling beneath the endless northern skies.

Russia insists on being included in Ukraine security negotiations

hanad

August 21, 2025

Russia says must be part of Ukraine security talks — People stand in front of a burning building after a Russian drone attack on Okhtyrka, Ukraine

At the Heart of a Tumultuous Peace Quest: Ukraine, Russia, and the World’s Uneasy Gamble

Imagine standing on a cracked street in Sloviansk, eastern Ukraine, where the lingering scent of smoke and the scars of war cling to the rubble of once-happy homes and destroyed vehicles. This is where the distant echoes of diplomacy meet the thunder of artillery—this is the raw, relentless present of a war that has consumed a nation and reshaped global conversations about security, sovereignty, and survival.

For more than three years now, Ukraine has been caught in a brutal web of conflict triggered by Russia’s moves to redraw the map in a violent, unforgiving way. But as negotiators dial confusing conference calls and world leaders occupy Oval Office chairs, one truth remains glaringly clear: peace without Russia’s voice is an illusion.

The Stark Reality Behind the Summit Talks

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov’s candid declaration recently cut through the diplomatic fog: “To seriously discuss security guarantees without the Russian Federation is a utopia, a road to nowhere.”

His words remind us how precariously this siege stands. Russia’s insistence on being part of any meaningful discourse over Ukraine’s future security underlines deep geopolitical fault lines — but it also exposes how far the powers involved are from a genuine accord.

Meanwhile, NATO’s military leaders convened virtually to map out security guarantees for Ukraine, another piece in the sprawling puzzle of global diplomacy. A senior U.S. defense official revealed that General Dan Caine, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, engaged his European counterparts in talks about “the best options for a potential Ukraine peace deal.”

Yet, in the shadow of these discussions, war rages on—the merciless grind of tanks and drone strikes continuing to carve out human tragedy.

From Promises to War: The Babel of Broken Security Guarantees

To understand the gravity, we must rewind to 1994. In Budapest, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan agreed to relinquish the nuclear arsenal inherited from the Soviet Union, in exchange for solid security assurances from Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The Budapest Memorandum was hoped to be a cornerstone for peace, a pact for coexistence.

But history took a darker turn.

Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 shattered the fragile trust embedded in those promises, a razor-sharp rupture that escalated into the full-blown invasion of 2022, a conflict killing tens of thousands and turning millions into refugees overnight.

Maria, a teacher from central Ukraine now displaced in Lviv, shared, “We believed in those agreements. We gave up powerful weapons for peace, but instead, a storm came. Each day, the news bites deeper into our hope.”

Washington’s Delicate Dance and Europe’s Uneasy Watches

Last Monday, a rare convergence unfolded in Washington: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky met with European leaders under the watchful eye of then US President Donald Trump. This came mere days after Trump’s high-stakes meeting with Vladimir Putin in Alaska, a dance of diplomacy with the world watching keenly.

Yet, Russia’s long-serving foreign minister dismissed the Washington gathering as a “clumsy” attempt to sway Trump’s stance on Ukraine, a reminder of the delicate and often toxic undercurrents coursing through these exchanges.

Trump’s approach, both provocative and pragmatic, has always been fraught with controversy. He openly criticized billions in U.S. funds flowing to Ukraine while suggesting European nations could “put people on the ground” to aid a settlement — but stopped short of committing U.S. troops, though he floated the idea of providing air support.

Such statements come with a weight of consequence. Kyiv has maintained, and Russia has vehemently asserted, that any Western military presence in Ukraine crosses a red line unacceptably close to confrontation. These tensions beg the question: how much risk are global powers willing to shoulder in pursuit of peace?

A Summit That Might Never Be

Speculation about a direct meeting between Putin and Zelensky has been rife. Trump suggested Putin had agreed to such talks, plus some level of Western security guarantees for Ukraine. But Moscow has remained silent on confirming these claims.

Lavrov — ever cautious — emphasized the need for painstaking preparation, warning that a hurried summit could backfire by worsening the crisis.

His words paint a sobering picture: peace talks are not just meetings of minds but fragile crafts that must be meticulously built to endure.

The Relentless Frontline: Lives and Land Under Siege

While world leaders plot and ponder, the ground tells another story.

Russia’s Defense Ministry announced recent captures of Sukhetske and Pankivka, two small but strategically important villages in the battered Donetsk region. These wins follow their break-through last week between Pokrovsk and Kostiantynivka — a crucial logistical artery.

Ukrainian commander-in-chief Oleksandr Syrsky countered with stark realism: “Our units engage in heavy defensive battles against superior forces.”

The human toll continues to mount. On a single day, six civilians in eastern and southern Ukraine lost their lives to Russian assaults. On the other side, a Ukrainian drone strike resulted in one casualty within Russia’s Bryansk region.

In the northeastern town of Okhtyrka, air strikes wounded 14, including three children, according to Governor Oleg Grygorov. A grim reminder that amid strategically calculated strikes, innocent lives hang in the balance.

Zelensky’s response was resolute: “These attacks prove the necessity to intensify pressure on Moscow, including through sanctions.” His voice echoes a universal yearning for justice and accountability.

Reflections from the Ground: The Human Cost and the Global Stakes

Across Ukraine, amid the rubble and resilience, ordinary citizens like Alina, a nurse in Donetsk, confront the daily reality of terror and hope. “We never expected peace to be so elusive. It’s as if the world talks around us, while we brace against the storm.”

Her words cut through abstract geopolitics, reminding us that the stakes are not just lines on a map but lives entwined with every decision in conference rooms far away.

What Does True Security Mean in a Fractured World?

Reading the headlines and listening to official statements invites a profound question: In an era where old assurances crumble and new alliances wobble, can security be guaranteed at all? Or is security, much like peace, a living process—fraught, imperfect, and deeply human?

Across continents, the unfolding drama in Ukraine challenges us to reconsider the cost of ignoring small nations in a big-game of superpower chess. It asks if the international community will find ways beyond weaponry and sanctions—toward empathy, dialogue, and genuine understanding.

Looking Ahead: The Road Less Taken?

As the dust settles on another day of talks and another night of combat, the path forward remains clouded. What compromise can satisfy the wounded pride and legitimate security concerns of all parties? Can Zelensky and Putin, two men emblematic of conflict, become architects of peace? Or will their people bear the burden for years to come?

For readers around the globe, this conflict invites you to reflect: How do we balance power and principle? When does negotiation turn from naive to necessary? And when we speak of peace, are we only dreaming, or are we building?

The story of Ukraine is not just theirs but ours—a vivid, urgent reminder that in a connected world, the battle for peace anywhere is the battle for humanity everywhere.

Sony increases PlayStation 5 cost in US due to tariffs

hanad

August 21, 2025

Sony raises PlayStation 5 price in US as tariffs hit — Tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump hike the cost of goods brought into the US, leaving companies like Japan's Sony to decide whether to pass that on to consumers

The Rising Cost of PlayStation 5 and the Ripple Effects of Tariffs in the US Economy

Walk into a bustling electronics store in New York, Tokyo, or Berlin, and one sight commands instant attention: the PlayStation 5. Sleek, futuristic, and packed with cutting-edge tech, the PS5 isn’t just another video game console; it has become a cultural icon for gamers worldwide.

But lately, that icon carries a heavier price tag, especially for American consumers. Sony has announced an increase of over €40 in the retail price of the PlayStation 5 in the United States, citing a “challenging economic environment.” This development—seemingly small on its own—holds a window into the complex dance of international trade policies, tariffs, and their subtle but serious impacts on everyday lives.

Behind the Price Tag: Tariffs and Trade Tensions

For many, the allure of the PS5 goes beyond gaming. It’s a portal to immersive worlds, shared adventures, and the beating heart of modern digital entertainment. Yet, their increased price stings, prompting the question: why now?

The answer lies in a web spun by tariffs—taxes levied on imported goods. In recent years, under former President Donald Trump’s administration, the U.S. adopted aggressive tariff policies on imports, aiming to protect domestic manufacturing and assert economic independence. Japan, home to Sony, was caught in this crossfire. The initial threat was a staggering 25% tariff increase on goods crossing into the U.S., but after negotiations, Japan secured a somewhat mitigated 15% tariff.

“It’s a delicate balance,” says Isabelle Tomatis, Sony Interactive Entertainment’s vice president of global marketing. “Like many global companies, we continue to navigate a challenging economic environment shaped by shifting trade policies.” It’s a poignant reminder of how delicate and intertwined global supply chains have become.

The Numbers Tell a Story

Consider this: before the price hike, the PlayStation 5 hovered around €430 for the base model and €590 for the Pro edition. Now, the costs have nudged upward to approximately €472 for the standard console, €430 for the Digital Edition, and a heftier €643 for the Pro version. While these increases might seem small to an outsider, for many customers—especially younger gamers or families budgeting tightly—this subtle rise can be a meaningful barrier.

Sony’s projections underscore the scale of pressure tariffs introduce. The company expects to shoulder around €583 million in added costs over its fiscal year—a staggering figure that explains, if not justifies, the price jump.

Not Just Sony: A Broader Picture of Economic Strain

Sony is far from alone in navigating these turbulent waters. The new tariffs on steel, aluminum, and other metals ripple across multiple industries, forcing brands large and small to re-examine their pricing and sourcing strategies.

Take Estee Lauder, the New York-based cosmetics giant, for instance. The company anticipates an €85 million hit from tariffs in the 2026 financial year alone and has hinted at potential price adjustments to shield its profit margins.

PepsiCo, known worldwide for its fizzy sodas and crunchy snacks, may increase soft drink prices by approximately 10%, a move driven particularly by tariffs on imported aluminum indispensable for soda cans. “We’re working through this complex situation,” a PepsiCo representative says. “The tariffs on raw materials don’t just increase our costs; they ultimately affect our customers.”

Then there’s Monster Beverages in California. CEO Hilton Schlosberg “acknowledges the complexity” of customs regulations and tariffs and sees price hikes as likely, a necessary step amid a “complex and dynamic customs landscape.” It’s not just about steel and aluminum; these tariffs touch on myriad components embedded in everyday goods.

How Tariffs Are Changing Roads Less Traveled

The U.S. Department of Commerce recently expanded its steel and aluminum tariffs, encompassing hundreds more products—from child safety seats to dinnerware and heavy industrial equipment. These measures, aimed primarily at protecting domestic manufacturers, echo deeper trade conflicts playing out on a global scale.

Economists continue to debate the long-term effects. To date, much of the immediate shock has been softened—companies buying goods ahead of tariff increases or absorbing some tariffs internally. But the cumulative strain on supply chains, inflation, and consumer wallets has started to take shape.

Voices from the Ground: What This Means for Consumers

Walk the streets of Chicago, and you’ll hear a spectrum of reactions. Thomas, a 23-year-old game developer, sighs: “I was hoping to get the PS5 for my birthday, but with the new price, it’s a tough call. It feels like things are getting more expensive every month.”

Meanwhile, Maria, a mother of two from San Diego, reflects, “Between groceries, rent, and everything else, even €40 more makes a difference. It’s frustrating because you just want to give your kids a little fun after a tough year.”

These personal stories are snapshots of a broader reality—one where global politics, economic policies, and consumer experiences intertwine in unexpected ways. It beckons us to ask: How do international trade decisions shape not just corporations but households, dreams, and daily choices?

Looking Beyond the Console

The story of the PlayStation 5 price hike is far more than a marketing update or a corporate press release. It is a vivid illustration of how interconnected our world has become. A tariff imposed in Washington reverberates through the factories in Japan, trace its impact on shelves in America, and lands squarely in the pockets of families, gamers, and workers everywhere.

As global citizens, we may sometimes forget how deeply embedded these economic policies are in the fabric of everyday life. Each price increase carries with it questions about the future of globalization, trade wars, and the balance between protecting domestic industries and embracing an open market.

So the next time you pick up a video game controller or pour yourself a soda, pause and ponder: What unseen forces shaped the cost in your hand? How do we build systems that support fair pricing, innovation, and accessibility in a world of shifting alliances and economic setbacks?

Final Thoughts: Navigating an Uncertain Economic Landscape

It’s clear that for companies like Sony and many others, resilience and adaptability have become essential survival skills. Global trade is no longer just about importing and exporting; it’s about managing risks, rethinking supply chains, and grappling with political realities over which businesses have limited control.

For consumers, it’s a moment of reckoning. Will we accept rising prices as the new normal? Or will we demand smarter policies that balance economic interests without weighing heavily on everyday people?

In this saga of tariffs and technology, the price of fun, beauty, and refreshment becomes a reflection of larger economic shifts—a reminder that the headlines we scroll past are, at their core, stories about us all.

Irish fashion designer who passed away in the US led a ‘full and busy life’

hanad

August 20, 2025

Irish fashion designer who died in US lived 'packed life' — The funeral for Martha Nolan-O'Slatarra was held at The Cathedral of the Assumption in her native Carlow

Remembering Martha Nolan-O’Slatarra: A Life Marked by Love, Creativity, and Unyielding Spirit

In a quiet cathedral nestled in the heart of Carlow, Ireland, a community gathered to honor a spark that burned far too briefly but left a lasting glow—Martha Nolan-O’Slatarra. At just 33 years of age, Martha was more than an Irish fashion designer living in bustling Manhattan; she was a beacon of warmth, loyalty, and vibrant creativity. Her story, though marked by tragedy, is a testament to a life fully lived, to love given freely, and to a spirit that transcended borders.

A Global Citizen Rooted in Irish Soul

Martha’s journey began in the gentle landscapes of Carlow, a county known for its rolling green fields and timeless charm—a place that seemed worlds away from the frenetic pace of New York City, where she would make her mark in fashion. Yet, the sensibilities of her homeland—the unpretentious kindness, the deep love for family, and the resilient streak ingrained in Irish tradition—were woven tightly into her being.

Her passing, discovered tragically on a boat at the Montauk Yacht Club in the early hours of August 5, sent ripples of sorrow through two continents. Though American emergency services pronounced her dead on the scene, the cause remains officially unconfirmed, leaving an uncomfortable space for those who loved her, filled with unanswered questions and aching hearts.

More Than Fashion: The Woman Behind East x East

Unlike the anonymous faces that sometimes populate the headlines, Martha was known intimately by her friends, family, and partner, Nick DiRubio, as a woman who embodied loyalty and vibrance. She founded the swimwear brand East x East, a venture that echoed her passion for artful design while reflecting a modern, global ethos. Yet, for those who knew her, East x East was only one brushstroke in the vivid portrait of her life.

At the Cathedral of the Assumption, mourners were invited into her world through symbolic offerings: her passport, a tangible emblem of a globe-trotting life; her makeup brushes, hinting at her personal ritual of self-expression; the Irish and American flags, signifying the duality of her identity; and a tin whistle, a sweet nod to her love of music and heritage. These tokens were more than objects; they were windows into the woman who loved fiercely and lived intensely.

The Pulse of Love and Community

In a room heavy with mourning, Nick captured something precious about Martha that statistics and official statements could never convey. “She had a special way of lighting up every room she walked into,” he said, his voice thick with emotion, “whether it was her signature ‘hi’ or those unforgettable gestures that were uniquely hers. Martha’s positive presence was something you could feel on your skin, warm and alive.”

He spoke of her uncanny ability to place loved ones above herself, a rare quality in a world often driven by self-interest. “Martha loved helping people. Many of you here have been recipients of that love, whether it was a gentle nudge to ‘cop on’ and focus on the good or simply a shoulder to lean on.”

Nick’s words captured the essence of Martha’s legacy—a reflection not solely of her, but of the tapestry of relationships she wove, stitching together friends, family, and strangers alike in a tapestry of kindness and hope.

A Sister’s Love: Anchoring Memories Amidst the Storm

The intimate pulse of family echoed through the voice of Jacqui, Martha’s sister. Their relationship, beautifully described as a “built-in best friend,” offers us a glimpse into countless private moments, secrets shared, quiet laughter, and steadfast support. “Growing up with you was having a sister who knew not just my quirks, but my dreams and fears,” Jacqui said. “That bond is unique and unbreakable.”

These reflections invite us to consider the quiet strength of sibling relationships—often overlooked but foundational. In celebrating Martha, Jacqui reminds us of the lifelines sustained by family, the shared history that shapes even as it soothes.

“You will live forever in my heart,” Jacqui concluded, a simple phrase heavy with profound truth, underscoring how we carry pieces of our loved ones forward.

More Than a Loss: Reflecting on Life’s Fragility and Connection

As we absorb the weight of Martha’s passing, a young woman whose talents crossed oceans and whose spirit ignited rooms, we’re compelled to reflect on the fragile nature of life and the timeless importance of connection. Her story resonates beyond the headlines because it is a reminder that behind every name lies a universe of love, struggle, dreams, and the pursuit of meaning.

In the age of fleeting digital interactions, Martha’s life asks a powerful question: Are we truly making space for one another? Her dedication to those she loved, her creative expression, and her laughter—all are invitations to live more deeply, to be more present.

Global Threads and Local Roots

Martha’s existence—straddling her Irish roots and her life in New York—reflects a broader global narrative. Many today navigate hybrid identities, balancing tradition and modernity, local heritage and global belonging. This dynamic enriches cultural landscapes and charts new possibilities for creativity and connection.

Her brand, East x East, symbolizes this fusion, while her life reminds us that no matter where we roam, our origins offer grounding.

Remembering Martha: How Do We Carry Forward Such a Spirit?

In a world where headlines are often dominated by conflict and division, stories like Martha’s offer respite and inspiration. They beckon us to honor the brightness those around us bring, even when life feels uncertain.

How do you illuminate the lives of people around you?
What small acts of loyalty or kindness ripple farther than you imagine?
In the dizzying rush of existence, how can we pause and cherish the connections that matter?

Martha Nolan-O’Saltara’s story is a mirror. It reflects not just a singular life lost too soon, but the enduring power of love, creativity, and community—the very threads that compose our shared humanity.

In Closing: A Life That Lingers

As the Carlow Cathedral emptied and the echoes of St Martha’s prayer mingled with quiet sobs, the truth remained clear: Martha’s life was “short, but packed.” Her legacy is not measured in years, but in the lives she touched, in the inspirations she sparked, and in the unyielding light she cast on those fortunate enough to know her.

She reminds us all of life’s vivid potentials and the relentless beauty of caring for one another. In her memory, may we each strive to be a little brighter, a little kinder, and a little more unafraid to live—a tribute worthy of Martha Nolan-O’Slatarra’s spirited and beloved life.

Florida executes man sentenced for 1982 murder

hanad

August 20, 2025

Man convicted of murder in 1982 executed in Florida — There have been 29 executions in the United States in 2025 (file image)

The Last Breath in Florida: A Reflection on Justice, Memory, and the Death Penalty’s Place in Modern America

On a humid evening in Florida, the sterile walls of the state penitentiary bore silent witness to the final moments of 67-year-old Kayle Bates. Convicted over four decades ago for a harrowing crime—the abduction and brutal murder of 24-year-old Janet Renee White—Bates was put to death by lethal injection, closing a long and painful chapter in a story that still reverberates far beyond the courtroom walls. As the clock struck 6:17 pm local time on a day marked by solemnity and controversy, a nation once again found itself wrestling with the weight of capital punishment.

A Crime Frozen in Time, a Family’s Enduring Wound

In 1982, the sleepy town of Lynn Haven, nestled in the coastal expanses of Florida, was shattered by an act of unthinkable violence. Janet Renee White, a young woman whose quiet dignity and ambition belied her everyday routine, had returned from lunch at her insurance company office when her nightmare began. Kayle Bates, later found guilty, forcefully abducted her, and the serene woods that fringed the town became the final, tragic stage for their collision of fate.

Janet was just twenty-four—full of potential, hopes, and dreams tragically cut short. To the community, she was a symbol of fragility painfully exposed, a stark reminder of how quickly life can shift from normalcy to nightmare.

“We still feel her absence every day,” a lifelong Lynn Haven resident and friend of Janet’s family confided, voice thick with emotion. “It’s not just her life that was taken, but all the tomorrows we should have shared with her.”

The End of a Long Road: Justice or Closure?

Bates was sentenced to death in 1983, and after decades of legal battles, appeals, and delays typical in the intricate machinery of the American justice system, his execution was carried out in 2025. His death marked the 29th execution in the United States this year—the highest number since 2014, when 35 inmates were put to death.

Florida, where Bates met his end, has taken a grim lead this year with 10 executions—the largest tally of any state. The methods employed have ranged from the widely used lethal injection to other, more controversial means such as firing squads and even nitrogen hypoxia—a strikingly modern and experimental method involving nitrogen gas-induced asphyxiation.

Nitrogen Hypoxia: The New Frontier in Capital Punishment?

While the notion of using nitrogen gas to end lives may sound clinical, it has stirred heated debates. United Nations human rights experts have condemned this method, describing it as cruel and inhumane—a cold mechanization of death under the guise of innovation.

“In the rush to find painless ways to execute, we risk losing sight of human dignity and the core ethical questions this punishment entails,” says Dr. Elena Ramirez, a leading human rights advocate. “When does the pursuit of efficiency exceed acceptable morality?”

The Divided Landscape of Capital Punishment in America

The American tapestry of justice is as patchworked as its geography. While some states like Florida press on with executions, 23 states have abolished the death penalty outright, and an additional three—California, Oregon, and Pennsylvania—maintain moratoriums, halting executions in an uneasy pause filled with ongoing debate.

Public opinion remains deeply divided. For some, the death penalty is a necessary, albeit severe, tool to deliver justice and deter the most heinous crimes. For others, it’s a relic of an era long passed—a system rife with the dangers of miscarriages of justice, racial bias, and moral quandaries.

President Donald Trump, a vocal supporter during his administration, championed an expansion of the death penalty, calling for its use against “the vilest crimes.” His stance reflected a persistent strand of American ideology—that retributive justice can coexist with the nation’s commitment to human rights and rehabilitation.

Numbers and Nuances

29 executions have been carried out across the U.S. in 2025, the highest annual number since 2014.
Methods include lethal injection (24), firing squad (2), and nitrogen hypoxia (3).
Florida has accounted for a third of executions this year.
More than half of U.S. states have abolished capital punishment in some form.

Beyond the Headlines: What Lies Beneath?

Beyond the grim statistics and courtroom dramas lies a profound question that society often hesitates to ask: Does justice end with death, or does it demand deeper reconciliation? For Janet White’s family, the execution may offer a formal closure, but it doesn’t erase the seed of grief planted decades ago.

“No sentence can bring Janet back or soothe the ache,” echoes a local counselor who has worked with victims’ families in Bay County. “True healing comes from remembering, telling stories, and building communities that don’t allow such tragedies.

For Kayle Bates, the decades behind bars were marked by the quiet unraveling of a life ended by a chain of desperate acts. Was the death penalty justice served, or another chapter in a cycle of violence?

Inviting Reflection: What Does Justice Mean Today?

Dear reader, as you sit with this story—the slow, inexorable march toward finality in a case that spans generations—what do you make of justice? Is it retribution, restoration, protection, or something else entirely? In an age eager to innovate with new forms of execution yet wary of mistakes past, what does the death penalty say about us as a global community?

In cities from Lynn Haven to London, from New York to Nairobi, the questions resonate: How do we honor victims like Janet Renee White? How can we ensure that the justice system serves all with fairness, compassion, and wisdom? And, above all, can a society thrive when it carries the burden of sanctioned death?

A World in Transition

With international pressure mounting and ethical debates intensifying, the death penalty sits at a crossroads. The future may well look different from the past—a future where accountability coexists with dignity, where healing takes precedence over vengeance.

Until then, every execution is a reminder—a mirror reflecting our deepest fears, hopes, and the fragile thread that binds humanity. As we close this chapter in Florida’s complex narrative, perhaps it’s not just a story about one man or one woman, but about all of us engaged in the relentless quest for justice and mercy.

NATO Leaders to Deliberate on Security Assurances for Ukraine

hanad

August 20, 2025

NATO chiefs to discuss Ukraine security guarantees — Firefighters search for survivors after a Russian air strike on a residential building in Kostiantynivka, Ukraine, on 19 August

The High-Stakes Chessboard: NATO’s Quiet Moves Toward Peace and the Somber Reality on Ukraine’s Frontlines

Imagine a sprawling, global stage where diplomats, generals, and world leaders maneuver with cautious intent, weighed down by the grievous toll of a war that has reshaped the geopolitical landscape. This week, the NATO military chiefs from its 32 member nations settled into a digital summit at 1:30 pm Irish time, their task both urgent and delicate: to sketch the blueprint for potential security guarantees for Ukraine. These discussions are more than protocol—they are the currency of hope, and yet, as the world’s military minds convene behind encrypted screens, the war on the ground grinds onward, relentless and merciless.

The Diplomacy of Hope and Hesitation

In a time when every conversation could tilt toward peace or deepen conflict, a notable discussion unfolded on the evening before NATO’s meeting. Top US military officer, General Dan Caine, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, held a series of back-channel talks with his European counterparts exploring “the best options for a potential Ukraine peace deal.” A US defense official described these conversations as delicate negotiations aiming to thread the needle between a workable peace and the harsh realities of war.

Yet, the names behind the headlines bring more texture to this picture. President Donald Trump, who recently returned from a high-profile sit-down with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Alaska, gathered Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and European leaders at the White House. This meeting wasn’t mere symbolism—it was a microcosm of the wider global struggle to find a lasting solution. Trump’s ambivalence about the billions poured into Ukraine’s defense has sparked debate. While he rejected deploying US troops, he hinted at providing air support as a form of backing for Ukraine, though details remained evasive.

“We’re going to find out about President Putin in the next couple of weeks,” Trump acknowledged, hinting at the opaque nature of negotiating with the Russian leader. For Kyiv and its Western allies, the optimism stirred by Trump’s declaration that Putin might meet Zelensky is tempered by caution. What exactly would these “security guarantees” look like? The uncertainty fuels both hope and skepticism.

Ground Realities: Advances and Agony

Meanwhile, the war itself stomps on with grim momentum. Russia’s Ministry of Defense, through its Telegram channel, announced fresh territorial gains in the contested Donetsk region, capturing the villages of Sukhetske and Pankivka. These are not just dots on a map—they sit near a recent breakthrough where Russian forces pierced Ukrainian defenses between the critical logistics hub of Pokrovsk and Kostiantynivka, a detail that underscores the strategic gravity of these advances.

On the civilian front, the numbers paint a heartbreaking snapshot. In Kharkiv’s eastern territory, a Russian drone strike on a humble civilian vehicle claimed two lives. Then came an overnight barrage of glide bombs hitting housing in Kostiantynivka, leaving up to four trapped beneath the rubble, according to Sergiy Gorbunov, the local military administration chief.

And the attacks reverberated further. The northeastern Ukrainian town of Okhtyrka in the Sumy region reported at least 14 wounded from overnight air strikes, including three children, as disclosed by regional governor Oleg Grygorov.

These ongoing assaults cast a somber shadow over diplomatic talks and underscore the urgency of escalating pressure on Moscow. As President Zelensky poignantly noted, “These strikes show the need to intensify pressure on Moscow, including through tighter sanctions.”

Searching for the Shape of Peace: Venues, Visions, and Vexations

Talk of peace depends not only on the willingness of leaders but also on where they meet. Since the White House summit, discussions have floated ideas of Budapest and Istanbul as potential venues for a trilateral summit involving Zelensky, Putin, and Trump. Hungary’s Prime Minister, Viktor Orbán, a figure known for preserving close ties with Putin, represents a rare European destination where the Russian president might travel without fear of arrest for International Criminal Court charges.

Yet, the question looms large: would Ukraine accept Hungary as neutral ground? Some skepticism surrounds these choices, given the fraught political landscapes.

Switzerland also surfaces as a contender, ready to host peace talks with its longstanding neutrality and diplomatic tradition. But the diplomatic dance remains slow, cautious, and riddled with the intricacies of trust.

The Contrasts of Leadership and the Complexity of Conflict

President Zelensky’s recent warm rapport with Trump stands in stark contrast to their frosty meeting earlier this year—an evolution emblematic of the unpredictable theater of international politics. As one Washington insider noted, Trump approaches these tangled alliances more by “instinct than process,” a stance that both unsettles and fascinates experts pursuing the art of diplomacy.

Meanwhile, Russia remains steadfast in rejecting NATO troop deployments to Ukraine, an explicit “red line” reaffirmed recently. Moscow’s demands for territorial control also remain unwavering, with Putin holding firm on land claims even after the Alaska summit.

Neil Melvin, Director of International Security at the Royal United Services Institute think-tank, offers a sobering analysis. “Russia may be seeking to drag out the war by engaging in prolonged peace talks,” he suggests, “while deflecting US pressure. Both sides are wary of appearing as the roadblock to peace in front of President Trump.”

Indeed, the geopolitical calculus now includes the nuanced dance around Trump’s peace initiative. Melvin comments on the vague nature of Trump’s security proposals: “It’s difficult to take some of the recent comments seriously, given their ambiguity.”

The Human Cost and Call to Reflection

Beyond the maps and strategy lies the heart-wrenching human cost—more than a million dead or wounded since the conflict erupted in February 2022. Each number represents a life altered or lost, families upended, futures stripped away.

For readers across the globe, this conflict is more than a distant headline. It is a stark reminder of the fraying world order, the fragile promises of peace, and the collective responsibility to remain informed and compassionate. Could renewed diplomacy yet break through? Will the subtle moves in NATO’s virtual meeting ripple into real-world calm? Or will the war’s brutal realities continue to eclipse every hopeful word?

As these questions hang in the air, the story unfolding demands attention—not just as a political spectacle but as the lived experience of millions. In the final reckoning, peace will not arrive from lofty talks alone but from shared resolve, empathy, and the courage to imagine a future where such a devastating conflict becomes a relic of history, not an ongoing tragedy.

What Lies Ahead?

The coming weeks are pivotal. With discussions on additional sanctions within the Coalition of the Willing and emerging plans to coordinate security guarantees between the US and Europe, the diplomatic machinery is grinding forward. The entire world watches, hopeful and wary.

Will the elusive peace deal take shape? Will the next global conversations reflect real progress or merely tread water? And most importantly, how can we, as global citizens, support the voices calling for justice, dialogue, and above all, humanity?

As you read this, consider:

How do you perceive the role of global alliances like NATO in shaping peace and security today?
What are the ethical implications of foreign involvement in conflicts like Ukraine?
How can international diplomacy balance power, principle, and the profound human cost of war?

In these moments of uncertainty, one truth remains certain—the story of Ukraine is a reflection of our shared humanity, and its resolution, a measure of our collective will.

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